A Robotic Sensory System with High Spatiotemporal Resolution for Texture Recognition 用于纹理识别的高时空分辨率机器人感觉系统

Humans can gently slide a finger on the surface of an object and identify it by capturing both static pressure and high-frequency vibrations. Although modern robots integrated with flexible sensors can precisely detect pressure, shear force, and strain, they still perform insufficiently or require multi-sensors to respond to both static and high-frequency physical stimuli during interaction. Here, we report a real-time artificial sensory system for high-accuracy texture recognition based on a single iontronic slip-sensor, and propose a criterion, spatiotemporal resolution, to correlate the sensing performance with recognition capability. The sensor can respond to both static and dynamic stimuli (0-400 Hz) with a high spatial resolution of 15 μm in spacing and 6 μm in height, together with a high-frequency resolution of 0.02 Hz at 400 Hz, enabling high-precision discrimination of fine surface features. The sensory system integrated on a prosthetic fingertip can identify 20 different commercial textiles with 100.0% accuracy at a fixed sliding rate and 98.9% accuracy at random sliding rates. The sensory system is expected to help achieve subtle tactile sensation for robotics and prosthetics, and further be applied to haptic-based virtual reality and beyond.